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Maryville is a city and the county seat of Blount County, Tennessee,〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 in the southeastern United States. Maryville's population was 27,465 at the 2010 census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Maryville city, Tennessee )〕 It is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Area. Maryville has received a number of accolades for its quality of life. Maryville is a short distance from popular tourist destinations such as the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Dollywood, Gatlinburg, and Pigeon Forge. ==History== When the first Euro-American explorers arrived in the area, they found the Great Indian Warpath, which ran along the route where the modern US-411 has been built. It was long used by the indigenous peoples of the area. A historic Cherokee village known as "Elajay" was situated at the confluence of Ellejoy Creek (named after the village) and the Little River. Its site was near the modern Heritage High School. Ensign Henry Timberlake passed through the village in 1762 while returning from his expedition to the Overhill villages to the west. He reported that it had been abandoned.〔Henry Timberlake, Samuel Williams (ed.), ''Memoirs, 1756-1765'' (Marietta, Georgia: Continental Book Co., 1948), pp. 118-119.〕 In 1785, Revolutionary War veteran John Craig built a wooden palisade enclosing cabins at what is known as Fort Craig (or Craig's Station) at present-day Maryville. Such stations were built throughout the frontier to defend settlers against attacks from the Cherokee. "On April 11, 1793, when settlers believed Indian attacks were imminent, 280 men, women, and children gathered in small huts at John Craig's station on Nine Mile Creek."〔Walter Durham, ("Frontier Stations" ), ''Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', accessed 27 August 2010〕 Craig donated next to his fort for the founding of a new town. Incorporated as a city on July 11, 1795, the settlement was named in honor of Mary Grainger Blount, wife of the territorial governor William Blount. Blount County was named after him.〔Inez Burns, ''History of Blount County, Tennessee: From War Trail to Landing Strip, 1795-1955'' (Nashville: Benson Print Co., 1957), 2-30.〕 The family of Sam Houston moved to Maryville from Virginia in 1808, when Houston was 15. His older brothers put him to work as a clerk in a store they established in town, but he ran away. Houston lived for a few years with the Cherokee at Hiwassee Island, on the Hiwassee River, where he became fluent in their language and appreciative of their culture. After his return to Maryville about 1811, Houston started a one-room schoolhouse. He signed up for the army during the War of 1812 and rose rapidly in rank, beginning his military and political career. The schoolhouse still stands just off US-411 near the community of Wildwood. Maryville was a center of abolitionist activity throughout the early 19th-century; it was generated mostly by the Society of Friends, which had a relatively large presence in Blount County. They were supported by anti-slavery advocates such as Isaac L. Anderson, the founder of Maryville College.〔Durwood Dunn, ''Cades Cove: The Life and Death of an Appalachian Community'', Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1988, 125.〕 When Tennessee voted on the Ordinance of Secession in 1861, only 24% of Blount Countians voted in favor of seceding from the Union.〔Robbie Jones, ''The Historic Architecture of Sevier County, Tennessee'', Sevierville, TN: Smoky Mountain Historical Society, 1997, p. 33〕 Although staunchly pro-Union throughout the Civil War, Maryville was not liberated by federal troops until May 1864. In August of that year, a Confederate cavalry raid, under the command of General Joseph Wheeler, attacked the courthouse where the Union troops had taken shelter. To try to dislodge the federal soldiers, Confederates set fire to several buildings, including a store where the city's records were being kept. Polly Tool, an African-American slave, rescued most of the records. She was honored by a statue in the Blount County courthouse. In the Reconstruction Era Maryville became a hub of Radical Republican activity for East Tennessee. Its local Union League provided a lively forum for political discussion,〔Snay, Mitchell (2010) ''Fenians, Freedmen, and Southern Whites: Race and Nationality in the Era of Reconstruction''〕 and the Freedmen's Normal Institute was established on the present-day site of Maryville High School. The city elected W. B. Scott, the country's second African-American mayor, in 1869.〔("Maryville Historic Timeline" ), City of Maryville〕 In the 1970s, after several department stores and other retailers moved from the downtown area to Alcoa's Midland shopping center, the city spent $10 million on a renewal project called "Now Town". Traffic was re-routed, facades were placed on old buildings, slums were cleared, and the Bicentennial Greenbelt Park was created. The project failed to attract business back to the downtown locations; instead retailers moved to the new Foothills Mall a few years later. The downtown area remained in decline until the 2000s (decade), when the city agreed to reverse many of the "Now Town" changes. U.S. Senator Lamar Alexander was born in Maryville in 1940. Alexander served as Governor of Tennessee from 1979–1987 and Secretary of Education (1991–1993) under President George H. W. Bush. He ran unsuccessful campaigns for president in 1996 and 2000, both times announcing his candidacy for the Republican Party from his hometown of Maryville. In 2002, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, succeeding Fred Thompson. On July 2, 2015,〔http://news.yahoo.com/latest-train-derailment-prompts-evacuation-tennessee-102720254.html#〕 a freight train carrying hazardous materials〔http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tennessee-train-derailment-5-000-residents-evacuated-maryville-n385576〕 went off of its tracks〔http://www.newsweek.com/5000-evacuated-tennessee-after-train-derailment-releases-toxic-fumes-349375〕 Over 5000 citizens were displaced from their homes〔http://www.newsweek.com/5000-evacuated-tennessee-after-train-derailment-releases-toxic-fumes-349375〕 within a two mile (three kilometer) radius.〔http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/train-derailment-fire-prompts-evacuation-tennessee-32175717〕〔https://gma.yahoo.com/train-hauling-chemicals-catches-fire-tennessee-residents-evacuated-082819002--abc-news-topstories.html#〕 In December 2015, the Tennessee Equality Project is opening an LGBT center in Maryville. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maryville, Tennessee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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